{"id":798,"date":"2022-02-08T16:49:25","date_gmt":"2022-02-08T16:49:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metalpie.com\/?p=798"},"modified":"2025-08-26T05:01:05","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T21:01:05","slug":"celi%cc%87k-fabri%cc%87kasinda-celi%cc%87k-nasil-yapilir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metalpie.com\/tr\/blog\/celi%cc%87k-fabri%cc%87kasinda-celi%cc%87k-nasil-yapilir\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7elik Fabrikas\u0131nda \u00c7elik Nas\u0131l Yap\u0131l\u0131r?"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Fabrikalardaki ileri teknoloji, \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisini daha verimli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in her zamankinden daha kritik bir \u00f6neme sahip. Yapay zeka \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l \u00fcretilir?\" sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?\" \u00f6\u011frencilerimiz aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan bir konudur. Prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r. Bu sayfa s\u00fcreci a\u00e7\u0131klayacak ve \"\u00e7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r \"\u0131n her ad\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6sterecektir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"steel-manufacturing-and-market-overview\">\u00c7elik \u00dcretimi ve Pazara Genel Bak\u0131\u015f<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda en yayg\u0131n kullan\u0131lan metallerden biridir. Ucuz, uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc ve \u00e7ok y\u00f6nl\u00fcd\u00fcr. \u00c7elik, y\u0131ll\u0131k yakla\u015f\u0131k 750 milyon tonluk \u00fcretimiyle \u00e7imentonun ard\u0131ndan d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci seri \u00fcretim \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?\" g\u00fcn\u00fcn 24 saati devam eden bir s\u00fcre\u00e7tir. Ayr\u0131ca, s\u00fcrekli hammadde tedarikinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda enerji gerektirir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>D\u00fcnya \u00c7elik Birli\u011fi'ne g\u00f6re, 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 851 milyon ton olan d\u00fcnya ham \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 1.606 milyon tona y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. \u00d6te yandan, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na ortalama \u00e7elik kullan\u0131m\u0131 2001 y\u0131l\u0131nda 150 kg iken 2013 y\u0131l\u0131nda 225 kg'a y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elikteki karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi y\u00fczde 0,08 ila 1,5 aras\u0131nda de\u011fi\u015fir. Bile\u015fimi nedeniyle, i\u015flenmesi d\u00f6vme demire g\u00f6re daha zordur. Ancak d\u00f6kme demir kadar k\u0131r\u0131lgan de\u011fildir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik, sertlik, esneklik ve gerilme mukavemetinin e\u015fsiz bir kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131na sahiptir. Tamamen geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir ve \u00e7ok az enerji kullan\u0131r. \u00c7elik end\u00fcstrisinin \u00e7abalar\u0131 sayesinde, enerji t\u00fcketimi ve CO2 emisyonlar\u0131 1960'lardakinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan daha azd\u0131r. Bu tekni\u011fin bir sonucu olarak \u00e7elik daha \u00e7evre dostu ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fc hale gelmektedir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik bazl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler aras\u0131nda demiryolu hatlar\u0131, petrol ve gaz boru hatlar\u0131, kuleler, asans\u00f6rler, metrolar, k\u00f6pr\u00fcler, otomobiller, gemiler, b\u0131\u00e7aklar ve \u00e7atallar, jiletler ve cerrahi ekipmanlar say\u0131labilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-is-steel-made\">\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" s\u00fcreci Demir cevherini \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r ve safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 gidermek ve \u00e7elik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in karbon eklemek \u00fczere f\u0131r\u0131nlarda eritir. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7 \u00e7eli\u011fin b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 iki yoldan biriyle \u00fcretir: y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n veya elektrik ark f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131nlar, iyi bir \u00f6nlem i\u00e7in bir miktar hurda \u00e7elikle birlikte hammadde kullan\u0131rken, Elektrik Ark F\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131 \u00f6ncelikle hurda \u00e7elik kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-a-blast-furnace\">Y\u00fcksek F\u0131r\u0131n Nedir?<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1850'lerin ortalar\u0131nda Henry Bessemer y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi. Bessemer, erimi\u015f demiri oksitlemek ve \u00e7elik \u00fcretimindeki safs\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131 gidermek i\u00e7in i\u00e7inden hava ge\u00e7irerek \u00e7elik \u00fcretmenin bir yolunu buldu.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7a\u011fda\u015f y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131n, silindir bi\u00e7iminde \u0131s\u0131ya dayan\u0131kl\u0131 tu\u011flalarla kapl\u0131 devasa bir \u00e7elik silindirdir. \u00dcstten demir cevheri, kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ve kire\u00e7 ta\u015f\u0131 f\u0131r\u0131na beslenir. Ve sonra yava\u015f yava\u015f dibe iner, bunu yaparken daha da \u0131s\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Yanan kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden \u00e7\u0131kan gaz, f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcndeki demir cevherinden oksijeni serbest b\u0131rak\u0131r. Kire\u00e7ta\u015f\u0131, cevher ve kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcndeki yabanc\u0131 maddelerle etkile\u015fime girerek f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n alt k\u0131sm\u0131nda c\u00fcruf olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>F\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n taban\u0131ndaki s\u0131cakl\u0131klar 3000 Fahrenheit derecenin \u00fczerine \u00e7\u0131kar. F\u0131r\u0131ndaki bir c\u00fcruf \u00e7enti\u011fi erimi\u015f c\u00fcrufu bo\u015faltabilir. Bu c\u00fcruf erimi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00fczerinde y\u00fczer. \u0130\u015flem daha sonra erimi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fi f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n oca\u011f\u0131ndan bir musluk deli\u011finden bo\u015falt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"what-is-an-electric-arc-furnaces\">Elektrik Ark Ocaklar\u0131 Nedir?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>EAF'ler \u00f6ncelikle \u00e7elik \u00fcretiminde di\u011fer metallerle ala\u015f\u0131ml\u0131 y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00e7elik olu\u015fturmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131l\u0131r. S\u0131radan EAF'lerde ala\u015f\u0131ms\u0131z \u00e7elikler de \u00fcretilebilir. F\u0131r\u0131nlar\u0131n aksine, bu i\u015flemde s\u0131cak metal kullan\u0131lmaz. Geri d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilir malzemelerden elde edilen hurda \u00e7elikten yararlan\u0131rlar.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bir tavan vinci hurda \u00e7eli\u011fi EAF'ye ta\u015f\u0131r. F\u0131r\u0131n doldu\u011funda, makine f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n \u00fcst\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6rten kapa\u011f\u0131 kapat\u0131r. Ve sonra elektrotlar\u0131 kapaktan f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7ine b\u0131rak\u0131r. \u0130\u015flem elektrotlara g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir elektrik ak\u0131m\u0131 uygular. Bu \u0131s\u0131 yarat\u0131r ve hurday\u0131 eritir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik \u00fcretimi, uygun kimyasal bile\u015fimi sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in erirken \u00e7eli\u011fe Ferro-ala\u015f\u0131mlar ekler. Bundan sonra makine, \u00e7eli\u011fi temizlemek i\u00e7in f\u0131r\u0131na oksijen pompalar. Kire\u00e7 ve fluorspar safs\u0131zl\u0131klara eklenerek kayna\u015fmalar\u0131na ve c\u00fcruf olu\u015fturmalar\u0131na neden olur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Erimi\u015f c\u00fcruf, f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n e\u011filmesiyle erimi\u015f \u00e7eli\u011fin \u00fczerinde y\u00fczer ve bo\u015falt\u0131labilir. \u00c7elik ala\u015f\u0131mlar\u0131 \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli metalleri kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rarak, EAF'ler \u00e7e\u015fitli y\u00fcksek kaliteli \u00e7elikler \u00fcretebilir. Paslanmaz \u00e7elik, krom ve nikel en yayg\u0131n olarak kullan\u0131lan korozyona dayan\u0131kl\u0131 niteliklerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>M\u00fchendislik, havac\u0131l\u0131k ve z\u0131rh kaplamada kullan\u0131lan \u00e7elikler, EAF'lerde \u00fcretilen di\u011fer \u00f6zel \u00e7elikler aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"how-is-steel-made-in-a-steel-factory\">\u00c7elik fabrikas\u0131nda \u00e7elik nas\u0131l \u00fcretilir?<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik fabrikas\u0131 demir cevherinden ya da hurda metalden \u00e7elik \u00fcretir. Demir cevheri, ekonomik olarak i\u015flenerek metal demire d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclebilen bir mineral agregad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Demir cevherinin bile\u015fimi onun derecesini belirler. D\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u00fclf\u00fcr ve fosfor seviyeleri ile y\u00fcksek demir konsantrasyonu arzu edilir. D\u00fcnya demir cevheriyle doludur; ancak demir konsantrasyonu konuma ve ekolojik fakt\u00f6rlere ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak de\u011fi\u015fir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"How is steel made\" ilk olarak \u00e7elik hurdalar\u0131n\u0131 toplar ve onlarca y\u0131l boyunca \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in de\u011ferli bir hammadde olarak yeniden kullan\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>L\u00fctfen BF'nin \u00f6ncelikle hammadde kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve iyi bir \u00f6nlem i\u00e7in bir miktar hurda \u00e7elik att\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, EAF'nin ise esas olarak hurda \u00e7elik kulland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 unutmay\u0131n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-811\" src=\"https:\/\/metalpie.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/steel-manufacturing-process.webp\" alt=\"\u00e7eli\u0307k nasil yapilir\" \/>\r\n<figcaption>\u00c7elik nas\u0131l <a href=\"https:\/\/annualreview2015.arcelormittal.com\/fact-book\/additional-information\/steel-making-process\">yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f<\/a> bir \u00e7elik fabrikas\u0131nda<\/figcaption>\r\n<\/figure>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"iron-making-process\">Demir \u00dcretim S\u00fcreci<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?\" sorusu \u00e7elik \u00fcretmek i\u00e7in erimi\u015f demir gerektirir. Demir cevheri ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr, erimi\u015f demir yapmak i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan iki ana malzemedir. \u00c7elik fabrikas\u0131 demir cevherini bir sinterleme tesisinde sinter cevherine d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr ve k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc bir kok f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda ham koka d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik \u00fcretimi daha sonra i\u015flenmi\u015f malzemeleri bir y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131na d\u00f6ker. Alttan tuyerlerle i\u00e7eri itilen s\u0131cak hava ile 1200\u00b0C'ye kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r. Kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oksitleyerek ve sinterlenmi\u015f cevheri indirgeyerek erimi\u015f demir \u00fcretir. Yukar\u0131daki \u015femaya bir g\u00f6z at\u0131n.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"coke-oven-preparation\">Kok f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik \u00fcretiminde birden fazla f\u0131r\u0131n bir kok bataryas\u0131 olu\u015fturur. \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" bir kok f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda \u015farj etmeden \u00f6nce k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc ezer ve kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Bundan sonra \u00e7elik \u00fcretimi, kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc bir ta\u015f\u0131ma arac\u0131yla her bir f\u0131r\u0131na ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Proses, k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc kok f\u0131r\u0131n\u0131nda 18 saate kadar 1.800\u00b0F s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011fa kadar \u0131s\u0131t\u0131r. Bu s\u00fcre zarf\u0131nda k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fc gaz\u0131n i\u00e7ine iter ve geriye \"kok\" olarak bilinen saf karbon formu kal\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik \u00fcretimi kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc oksijene maruz b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, an\u0131nda tutu\u015fur ve yanar. S\u00fcre\u00e7 kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc f\u0131r\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131p bir vagona itti\u011finde, so\u011fumas\u0131 ve yanma s\u00fcrecini durdurmas\u0131 i\u00e7in kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>So\u011fuduktan sonra, \"\u00e7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fc bir k\u00f6m\u00fcr r\u0131ht\u0131m\u0131na b\u0131rak\u0131r. Bundan sonra, y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131na koymadan \u00f6nce bir filtre ve boyutland\u0131rma tesisine ta\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"sintering\">Sinterleme<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Sinterleme, \u00e7elik \u00fcretim s\u00fcrecinde demir cevheri ince taneleri i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan bir termal aglomerasyon tekni\u011fidir. Bu i\u015flem demir yap\u0131m \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini, flakslar\u0131, c\u00fcruf olu\u015fturucu maddeleri ve kat\u0131 yak\u0131tlar\u0131 geri kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Sinterleme i\u015fleminin amac\u0131, y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131na beslemek i\u00e7in uygun \u00f6zelliklere sahip bir \u00fcr\u00fcn olu\u015fturmakt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>S\u00fcre\u00e7, en m\u00fckemmel sinter kalitesini elde etmek i\u00e7in ideal ko\u015fullar\u0131 belirlemek \u00fczere kapsaml\u0131 bir \u015fekilde ara\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sinterleme s\u00fcreci, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n gran\u00fcle edildikten ve sinter \u015feridine beslendikten sonra ge\u00e7irdi\u011fi s\u00fcreci vurgulamaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>1300-1480\u00b0C s\u0131cakl\u0131kta, \"\u00e7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" sinter kar\u0131\u015f\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 eritir. Bir dizi i\u015flemden ge\u00e7erek sinter kekini olu\u015fturur. Sonra da pik demir yapmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131na konur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"blast-furnace\">Y\u00fcksek F\u0131r\u0131n<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik \u00fcretimi her \u015feyden \u00f6nce demir ve karbon gerektirir. Demir kendi ba\u015f\u0131na \u00e7ok g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011fildir, ancak d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fi - \u00e7eli\u011fin t\u00fcr\u00fcne ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak 1%'den az - ona \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli nitelikler kazand\u0131r\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik karbonunu k\u00f6m\u00fcrden, demirini ise demir cevherinden al\u0131r. \u00d6te yandan demir cevheri demir, oksijen ve di\u011fer eser bile\u015fenleri bir araya getirir. \u00c7elik, demirin oksijenden ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 ve az miktarda karbon eklenmesiyle olu\u015fturulur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bununla birlikte, s\u00fcre\u00e7 her ikisini de oksijen ve kok ad\u0131 verilen k\u00f6m\u00fcr varl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131kta eritir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Demir cevheri y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klarda oksijen a\u00e7\u0131\u011fa \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r, karbondioksit i\u00e7indeki kok k\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcnden gelen karbon taraf\u0131ndan ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Fe_2 O_3(s) + 3 CO(g) \u2192 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO_2(g)<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Reaksiyon, karbondioksitin demir oksitten daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck bir enerji durumuna sahip olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ger\u00e7ekle\u015fir. Ayr\u0131ca, s\u00fcre\u00e7 aktivasyon enerjisine ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131klar gerektirir. A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek karbon i\u00e7eri\u011fine sahiptir. Ayr\u0131ca, demir ile birle\u015fen az miktarda karbon \u00e7elikten \u00f6nce bir ara \u00fcr\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"steel-making\">\u00c7elik \u00dcretimi<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bir torpido arac\u0131 erimi\u015f demiri \u00e7elik fabrikas\u0131na ta\u015f\u0131r ve bir konvert\u00f6re pompalar. Ve sonra \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fcy\u00fc oksijenle patlatarak t\u00fcm yabanc\u0131 maddeleri yakar. Geriye kalan tek \u015fey saf erimi\u015f \u00e7eliktir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"continuous-casting\">S\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" i\u015flemi, erimi\u015f metali bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm makinesine d\u00f6ker. Bu s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi k\u00fct\u00fckler, blumlar veya plakalar yapar. Birincil ve ara haddehanelere, \u0131slatma \u00e7ukurlar\u0131na ve depolamak ve kullanmak i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarlarda k\u00fcl\u00e7e kal\u0131plar\u0131na olan ihtiyac\u0131 azalt\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ayr\u0131ca belirli bir \u00e7elik a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan elde edilen kullan\u0131labilir \u00fcr\u00fcn verimini de art\u0131r\u0131r. \u0130\u015flem, tamamlanm\u0131\u015f \u00fcr\u00fcne daha yak\u0131n bir yar\u0131 mamul \u015fekline d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fclerek yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bir tavan vinci bir pota \u00e7eli\u011fi s\u00fcrekli d\u00f6k\u00fcm tesisine ta\u015f\u0131r. \u0130nert bir gazla kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmay\u0131 da i\u00e7erebilen \u00f6n i\u015flemden sonra. Ancak, \u0131s\u0131 kayb\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131n\u0131rlamak i\u00e7in potan\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131k a\u011fz\u0131 yal\u0131tkan bir kapakla kapat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik \u00fcretimi, t\u00fcm cihaz\u0131 vin\u00e7 arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla d\u00f6ner bir taret \u00fczerine kald\u0131r\u0131r. Art\u0131k makine durdurulmadan ayn\u0131 kalite \u00e7elikten s\u0131ral\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm yap\u0131labilmektedir. Bu ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00f6nemli bir maliyet d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcc\u00fc bile\u015fendir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Ancak \u00e7elik \u00fcretim s\u00fcreci, d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015fleminden \u00f6nce pota a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131n d\u0131\u015f k\u0131sm\u0131na gaz ge\u00e7irmez bir t\u00fcp ba\u011flar. Bu mekanizma s\u0131v\u0131 \u00e7eli\u011fin havadan \u00e7ok fazla oksijen ve nitrojen emmesini engeller.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Bundan sonra, \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" i\u015flemi pota a\u011fz\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7ar. Ard\u0131ndan \u00e7eli\u011fin ka\u015f\u0131klardan tandi\u015fe d\u00fczenli bir h\u0131zda akmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Bundan sonra bir rezervuar, d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015fleminin su so\u011futmal\u0131 bak\u0131r kal\u0131b\u0131n\u0131 besler.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\u00c7elik, destek silindirlerinden olu\u015fan k\u0131vr\u0131ml\u0131 bir a\u011f arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla kal\u0131b\u0131n alt\u0131ndan a\u015fa\u011f\u0131ya do\u011fru s\u00fcr\u00fcklenir. Daha sonra, makinenin bo\u015faltma ucundan yatay olarak sa\u011flam bir \u00e7elik levha olarak \u00e7\u0131kana kadar su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcr.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"ingot-breakdown\">K\u00fcl\u00e7e d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>\"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" s\u00fcreci, a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki ad\u0131mlar\u0131 i\u00e7eren \u00e7elik k\u00fcl\u00e7e \u0131slatma do\u011frudan haddeleme teknolojisine ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r:<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\r\n<li>S\u00fcre\u00e7, teorik bir temel olarak bir \u00e7elik k\u00fcl\u00e7e termal durum modelini uygular.<\/li>\r\n<li>Bir \u00e7elik k\u00fcl\u00e7enin \u00fcst\u00fcne ve alt\u0131na ayn\u0131 anda su p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, \u00e7elik k\u00fcl\u00e7enin d\u00f6k\u00fclmesinin tamamlanmas\u0131 i\u00e7in gereken s\u00fcre k\u0131sal\u0131r. Ve sonra f\u0131r\u0131n y\u00fcklemesini bitirir.<\/li>\r\n<li>\u00dcretim prosesi gruplara g\u00f6re f\u0131r\u0131n y\u00fckleme ve yo\u011fun f\u0131r\u0131n y\u00fckleme i\u015flemlerini ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir. Kapal\u0131 tip baca klapesi, kapal\u0131 hava ve gaz vanas\u0131 ve kapal\u0131 hava ve gaz baca klapesi olu\u015fturur. Son olarak proses, bir \u0131slatma s\u00fcresi ge\u00e7tikten sonra \u00e7elik k\u00fcl\u00e7eyi haddeler.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"finishing\">Bitirme<\/h3>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Estetik ve uzun \u00f6m\u00fcrl\u00fcl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bir \u00f6\u011fenin y\u00fczeyini de\u011fi\u015ftirme uygulamas\u0131 metal kaplama olarak bilinir. Elektrokaplama, elektrodepozisyon yoluyla ba\u015fka bir metal \u00fczerinde ince bir y\u00fczey kaplamas\u0131 olu\u015fturur.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"primary-forging\">Birincil D\u00f6vme<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Son i\u015flem a\u015famas\u0131, bu a\u015famada kaba d\u00f6k\u00fcm par\u00e7alar\u0131 s\u0131cak haddeleme ile kal\u0131p haline getirir. Form kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131r\u0131r ve gerekli \u00e7elik kalitesini \u00fcretir. Bu y\u00f6ntem diki\u015fsiz boru, uzun ve d\u00fcz \u00fcr\u00fcnler ve \u00e7e\u015fitli \u00f6zel \u00fcr\u00fcnler olu\u015fturabilir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"secondary-forming\">\u0130kincil \u015eekillendirme<\/h4>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Kaplama, \u0131s\u0131l i\u015flem, birle\u015ftirme, presleme, delme, i\u015fleme ve per\u00e7inleme \u00e7eli\u011fe son \u015feklini veren ikincil i\u015flemlerdir.<\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Sonu\u00e7<\/h2>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n<p>Her \u015feyden \u00f6nce, genel olarak \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r\" s\u00fcrecini ele ald\u0131k. \u00c7elik bir proje \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorsan\u0131z bu makale size yard\u0131mc\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca hangi y\u00f6ntemin kullan\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 konusunda uzman tavsiyesine ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131z olabilir veya <a href=\"https:\/\/metalpie.com\/tr\/blog\/dort-farkli-celik-turu\/\">ne t\u00fcr bir<\/a> kullanmak i\u00e7in \u00e7elik.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Fabrikalardaki ileri teknoloji, \u00e7elik end\u00fcstrisini daha verimli ve s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fclebilir k\u0131lmak i\u00e7in her zamankinden daha kritik bir \u00f6neme sahip. Yapay zeka, \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?\" sorusunun cevab\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor. \"\u00c7elik nas\u0131l yap\u0131l\u0131r?\" \u00f6\u011frencilerimiz aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u00e7a sorulan bir konudur. Prosed\u00fcr\u00fcn anla\u015f\u0131lmas\u0131 kolayd\u0131r. Bu sayfa s\u00fcreci a\u00e7\u0131klayacak ve...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":12,"featured_media":14659,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[104],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-798","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-metal-fabrication"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v21.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How is Steel made in steel Factory - METALPIE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Steel is the most often used metal on the planet. Our learners often inquire about how is steel made. 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