{"id":13809,"date":"2021-08-26T23:30:13","date_gmt":"2021-08-26T22:30:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/metalpie.com\/blog\/casting-defects\/"},"modified":"2025-07-22T15:15:36","modified_gmt":"2025-07-22T07:15:36","slug":"dokum-hatalari","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/metalpie.com\/tr\/blog\/dokum-hatalari\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00f6k\u00fcm Hatalar\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"

Her m\u00fchendislik s\u00fcrecinde, d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir durumdur. Her yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kusurlara yol a\u00e7an belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Uygun tasar\u0131m ve kal\u0131plama ile hatas\u0131z bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm elde edebilirsiniz, ancak kontrol kurallar\u0131 ve insan m\u00fcdahalesi \u00e7o\u011fu hataya neden olur. \u0130\u015f yerinde do\u011fru yard\u0131mla d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatalar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabiliriz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Genel olarak, iyi bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn\u00fcn baz\u0131 kusurlar\u0131 olacakt\u0131r. Bu nedenle d\u00f6k\u00fcmhane i\u015fletmesi bu kusurlar\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Ultrasonik, radyografi, manyetik par\u00e7ac\u0131k, kal\u0131p penetrasyonu ve di\u011ferleri gibi tahribats\u0131z test teknikleri bu d\u00f6k\u00fcm kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit edebilir. Bug\u00fcn, birka\u00e7 tipik d\u00f6k\u00fcm kusuruna, bunlar\u0131n nedenlerine ve nas\u0131l d\u00fczeltilece\u011fine bakaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm Hatas\u0131 T\u00fcrleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli fakt\u00f6rler bir\u00e7ok t\u00fcrde ar\u0131zaya neden olabilir. Bir hata t\u00fcr\u00fcne y\u00f6nelik \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerden baz\u0131lar\u0131 farkl\u0131 t\u00fcrde bir sorun yaratabilir. Bu b\u00f6l\u00fcmde, metal d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemlerinde kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131lan en yayg\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatas\u0131 t\u00fcrleri g\u00f6sterilecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"D\u00f6k\u00fcm
Eksenel B\u00fcz\u00fclme d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 (Kaynak: \u00c7EL\u0130K VER\u0130LER\u0130<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

B\u00fcz\u00fclme d\u00f6k\u00fcm Hatalar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Kat\u0131la\u015fma b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi metal s\u0131v\u0131dan kat\u0131ya ge\u00e7erken, termal b\u00fcz\u00fclme ise oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131na so\u011furken meydana gelir. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, gerekli boyutlara ula\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flamak i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fcm bile\u015fenlerin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda b\u00fcz\u00fclme paylar\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7erir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6rne\u011fin, d\u00f6kme \u00e7elik ayak ba\u015f\u0131na 14 in\u00e7 oran\u0131nda b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcr ve bu da kaba g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcml\u00fc d\u00f6k\u00fcmlere neden olur. Farkl\u0131 metaller i\u00e7in b\u00fcz\u00fclme toleranslar\u0131 bilinmektedir ve uzman bir kal\u0131p tasar\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131 bir kal\u0131p in\u015fa ederken b\u00fcz\u00fclmeyi hesaba katacakt\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u00fcz\u00fclme, d\u00f6k\u00fcm \u00fcr\u00fcnlerde ar\u0131za ve s\u0131z\u0131nt\u0131 gibi sorunlara da yol a\u00e7abilir. Bazen bu kusurlar\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00fczeyinde g\u00f6rebilir ve boya penetrantlar\u0131 veya di\u011fer tahribats\u0131z y\u00f6ntemlerle g\u00f6rsel olarak tan\u0131mlayabilirsiniz. \u0130\u00e7 d\u00f6k\u00fcm kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 tespit etmek genellikle zordur ve X-ray incelemesi veya tahribatl\u0131 testler gerektirir. \"A\u00e7\u0131k ve kapal\u0131 b\u00fcz\u00fclme hatalar\u0131\" terimi her iki t\u00fcr problemi de ifade eder.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k b\u00fcz\u00fclme d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatas\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Metal so\u011fuyup b\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde delikleri dolduracak yeterli s\u0131v\u0131 olmazsa y\u00fczeyde borular olu\u015fabilir ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn g\u00f6vdesine do\u011fru uzanabilir. Benzer \u015fekilde, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma y\u00fczey kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 ma\u011fara kusurlar\u0131 veya y\u00fczeye uzanan lavabolar olarak adland\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Her iki durumda da kusurlar \u00e7evreye maruz kal\u0131r ve erimi\u015f metalin yerini hava al\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kat\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n son a\u015famalar\u0131nda \u00e7atlaklar ve kavurucu y\u0131rt\u0131klar yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bunlar\u0131, iki a\u011f\u0131r k\u0131sm\u0131 birbirine ba\u011flayan ince bir a\u011f gibi stres konsantrasyonundaki ani de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin etraf\u0131nda g\u00f6rebilirsiniz. Bunlar ayr\u0131ca \u0131s\u0131n\u0131n birikti\u011fi dolgun h\u00fccrelerde ve k\u0131smi bir \u00f6n taslak oldu\u011funda da meydana gelebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Makinenin erimi\u015f metali kal\u0131ba d\u00f6kt\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kanal olan d\u00f6k\u00fcm yolluklar\u0131 en s\u0131k rastlanan b\u00fcz\u00fclme kayna\u011f\u0131d\u0131r. Metalin kal\u0131b\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 gibi belirli yerlerde b\u00fcz\u00fclmesi ve kat\u0131la\u015fmas\u0131 daha uzun s\u00fcrer, bu da besleme malzemesi kullan\u0131labilirli\u011fini azalt\u0131r ve \u00f6zellikle yolluk ak\u0131\u015f miktar\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok dar ise b\u00fcz\u00fclme olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131r\u0131r. Do\u011frudan a\u011f\u0131r b\u00f6l\u00fcme ba\u011flanan do\u011fru boyuttaki bir yolluk, b\u00fcz\u00fclme deli\u011fini doldurabilir ve b\u00f6l\u00fcm so\u011fuduk\u00e7a b\u00fcz\u00fclmeye kar\u015f\u0131 koymak i\u00e7in gereken besleme malzemesini sa\u011flayabilir. Ayr\u0131ca, yolluk \u00fczerinde d\u00fcz veya kare bir ge\u00e7it yerine yuvarlak bir ge\u00e7it kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 kusur olu\u015fma olas\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 azaltabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapal\u0131 b\u00fcz\u00fclme d\u00f6k\u00fcm kusurlar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6zeneklilik d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerde en s\u0131k rastlanan kusurlardan biridir ve kusurlar erimi\u015f metaldeki s\u0131k\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f gazlardan ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm so\u011fudu\u011funda b\u00fcz\u00fclmeden kaynaklan\u0131r. G\u00f6zeneklili\u011fin en s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u015fekli b\u00fcz\u00fclme g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fidir ve tipik olarak bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck delikler veya k\u0131r\u0131klar \u015feklinde g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu delikler k\u00fcresel gibi g\u00f6r\u00fcnse de k\u00f6\u015feli bir \u015fekle sahiptir ve i\u00e7 k\u0131s\u0131mda dallanma \u00e7atlaklar\u0131 olu\u015fmas\u0131 muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr b\u00fcz\u00fclmeler \u00f6zellikle metalin homojen olmayan bir d\u00fczende so\u011fuyup sertle\u015fti\u011fi \u00e7ok a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131 kal\u0131n par\u00e7alarda yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. G\u00f6zeneklilik, par\u00e7an\u0131n y\u00fczeyinde g\u00f6r\u00fcnmeden d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7inde olu\u015fabilir. Kat\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015f metal s\u0131v\u0131 metali \u00e7evreledi\u011finde, erimi\u015f metal so\u011fuyup b\u00fcz\u00fcl\u00fcrken s\u0131v\u0131n\u0131n arkas\u0131n\u0131 dolduramaz ve bu kusur ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nleme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0130nce veya konik bir yolluk kullanarak, erimi\u015f metali bo\u015flu\u011fa d\u00f6kmek yerine p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtebilirsiniz. Bu durumda i\u015f par\u00e7as\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 kal\u0131b\u0131 doldurmadan \u00f6nce sertle\u015fmeye ba\u015flar. \u00c7ukurun i\u00e7ine eriyik ak\u0131\u015f\u0131 m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca tutarl\u0131 olmal\u0131d\u0131r ve daha belirgin bir merkezi yolluk veya \u00e7oklu yolluk d\u00fczenlemesi bu konuda yard\u0131mc\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u015flem, bile\u015fen kat\u0131la\u015f\u0131p b\u00fcz\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde bo\u015fluklar\u0131 doldurmak i\u00e7in yeterli erimi\u015f malzemeyi garanti etmek i\u00e7in y\u00fckselticiler kullan\u0131r. Kaburgalar\u0131n boyutu, en son donacaklar\u0131 \u015fekilde olmal\u0131d\u0131r. Bazen bunu ba\u015farmak i\u00e7in yal\u0131t\u0131m eklenir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\\"d\u00f6k\u00fcm\"
\u015eekil: Gaz G\u00f6zeneklili\u011fi (Kaynak: Hadian, R. & Emamy, M. & Campbell, John. (2009). D\u00f6kme Al-Mg 2 Si Metal Matris Kompozitinin Li ile Modifikasyonu. Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B-process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science - METALL MATER TRANS B. 40. 822-832. 10.1007\/s11663-009-9251-1.)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Gaz g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131k\u0131\u015fan hava ve buharlar y\u00fczeyde veya d\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u00e7inde g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fe neden olabilir. Kat\u0131 formdan farkl\u0131 olarak, erimi\u015f metal b\u00fcy\u00fck miktarda \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015f gaz tutabilir ve bu da gaz g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fine neden olur. Sonu\u00e7 olarak, madde so\u011fuduk\u00e7a gaz kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fur. D\u00f6k\u00fcm i\u015flemi s\u0131ras\u0131nda t\u00fcrb\u00fclans potansiyel olarak gazlar\u0131 ortaya \u00e7\u0131karabilir. Bu kusur, erimi\u015f metal kal\u0131ba \u00e7ok h\u0131zl\u0131 yerle\u015ftirildi\u011finde ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kal\u0131plar\u0131n ve ma\u00e7alar\u0131n yetersiz havaland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ve kal\u0131plar\u0131n ve ma\u00e7alar\u0131n yetersiz kurutulmas\u0131 gaz g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fine neden olur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u011fne Delikleri<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda veya pul y\u00fczeyinin alt\u0131nda, sfero veya s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f grafit demir, d\u00f6v\u00fclebilir d\u00f6kme demir ve d\u00f6kme \u00e7elik d\u00f6k\u00fcmlerde kabarc\u0131klar veya bo\u015fluklar olmas\u0131 en muhtemeldir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u011fne delikleri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fcmeler halinde veya geni\u015f bir b\u00f6lgede olu\u015fabilir ve herhangi bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm par\u00e7as\u0131na zarar verebilir. \u00c7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle her zaman g\u00f6r\u00fclebilmelerine ra\u011fmen, bazen i\u015fleme sonras\u0131na kadar belli olmazlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130\u011fne delikleri, nod\u00fcler \u00e7\u0131plak metal kabarc\u0131klar\u0131 veya grafit kabuklu kabarc\u0131klar veya c\u00fcruf veya oksidasyonun takip etti\u011fi daha geni\u015f d\u00fczensiz \u015fekilli bo\u015fluklar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

A\u00e7\u0131k delikler<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu hava delikleri kalenin y\u00fczeyinde g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve yeralt\u0131ndaki hava deliklerine g\u00f6re daha kolay fark edilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d6nleme<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131v\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fclmeden \u00f6nce, iyi bir kal\u0131p tasar\u0131m\u0131 gaz g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fini azaltabilir veya al\u00fcminyum ala\u015f\u0131m\u0131na nitrojen enjekte edebilir. D\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn i\u00e7 k\u0131sm\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck miktarlardaki g\u00f6zeneklili\u011fi gidermek i\u00e7in de bindirme kullan\u0131labilir. Bu teknikte d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00fcksek s\u0131cakl\u0131ktaki bir f\u0131r\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilir ve bas\u0131n\u00e7l\u0131 bir kap i\u00e7inde tutulur. D\u00f6k\u00fcm daha sonra izostatik bas\u0131n\u00e7 uygulayarak g\u00f6zenekli bile\u015fenleri \u00e7\u0131karmak i\u00e7in \u00e7o\u011funlukla argon olmak \u00fczere inert bir gaz i\u00e7inde \u0131s\u0131t\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vakumda, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fcrl\u00fckl\u00fc gazlar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu bir atmosferde veya havayla temas\u0131 engelleyen bir flaks alt\u0131nda metal eritmek i\u00e7in \u00f6ncelikle m\u00fckemmel flakslama ve eritme teknikleri kullan\u0131n. \u0130kinci olarak, daha kaba, daha y\u00fcksek ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fe sahip kumlar\u0131n gaz ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini art\u0131r\u0131n. Bunu takiben, artan kal\u0131p ve ma\u00e7a ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fi hava ve gaz\u0131n kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011fundan \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flar. Son olarak, kal\u0131plar\u0131 ve ma\u00e7alar\u0131 kullanmadan \u00f6nce kurutun, kuru tutun ve kat\u0131la\u015fma h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6k\u00fcm s\u0131ras\u0131nda metal s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Metal d\u00f6k\u00fcm kusurlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Metalin kal\u0131ba d\u00f6k\u00fclmesi s\u0131ras\u0131nda hatalar meydana gelebilir. Bir metal d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fc hatas\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131daki kategorilerden birine girecektir. Yanl\u0131\u015f \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma, so\u011fuk kapanma ve inkl\u00fczyonlar yayg\u0131n metal d\u00f6kme hatalar\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\\"d\u00f6k\u00fcm\"
So\u011fuk Kapatma (Kaynak: Bilimsel ve Akademik Yay\u0131nc\u0131l\u0131k<\/a>)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk kapatma<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk kesik, d\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00fczeyinde dairesel kenarl\u0131 bir \u00e7izgi veya k\u0131r\u0131k olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcnen bir y\u00fczey kusurudur. Bu kusur insan g\u00f6z\u00fcyle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir ve d\u00f6k\u00fcm\u00fcn reddedilmesine neden olarak zay\u0131f bir alana yol a\u00e7ar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0130ki kap\u0131dan kal\u0131ba giren erimi\u015f metal ak\u0131mlar\u0131 bir kav\u015fakta bulu\u015facakt\u0131r. Birle\u015fme noktas\u0131ndaki d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck s\u0131cakl\u0131klar kayna\u015fmay\u0131 engelleyerek ak\u0131\u015flar\u0131n kayna\u015fmadan \u00f6nce sertle\u015fmesine ve so\u011fuk kapanmaya neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Erimi\u015f metalde ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131k eksikli\u011fi veya k\u00f6t\u00fc tasarlanm\u0131\u015f bir yolluk sistemi so\u011fuk kapanman\u0131n en yayg\u0131n nedenidir. Sert kapanmalar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in en kolay y\u00f6ntem erimi\u015f metali daha ak\u0131\u015fkan hale getirmektir. Bu tekni\u011fi \u00e7e\u015fitli \u015fekillerde uygulayabilirsiniz. \u0130lk olarak, dar \u00e7apraz yollar\u0131 azaltmak ve ak\u0131\u015f yollar\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131sa tutmak i\u00e7in yolluk mekanizmas\u0131n\u0131 optimize edin. \u0130kinci olarak, erken kat\u0131la\u015fmay\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in d\u00f6kme s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltin. \u00dc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc olarak, kal\u0131b\u0131n gaz ge\u00e7irgenli\u011fini artt\u0131r\u0131n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Misruns<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk kapanma ve hatal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma bir\u00e7ok ortak noktaya sahiptir. Yanl\u0131\u015f kapanmalar, s\u0131v\u0131 metal donmadan ve sertle\u015fmeden \u00f6nce kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011funun kenarlar\u0131na akamayacak kadar so\u011fuk oldu\u011funda meydana gelir. S\u0131v\u0131 metal kal\u0131b\u0131n haznesini doldurmaz. Misrun'lar kal\u0131b\u0131n par\u00e7alar\u0131d\u0131r ve kal\u0131p bunu doldurmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Erken kat\u0131la\u015fma, so\u011fuk kapama ile ayn\u0131 nedenlerden dolay\u0131 meydana gelir. Hatal\u0131 \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131z varsa kal\u0131p tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131, yolluk sistemi tasar\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 ve erimi\u015f metal ak\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kontrol edin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

So\u011fuk At\u0131\u015flar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bir s\u0131v\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcrken s\u0131\u00e7rarsa kat\u0131 k\u00fcrecikler olu\u015fabilir. Bu k\u00fcrecikler donduklar\u0131nda d\u00f6k\u00fcmde yakalan\u0131rlar. S\u00fcre\u00e7 bir top, damla veya inci gibi so\u011fuk at\u0131\u015flar olu\u015fturur ve sadece metale ba\u011flan\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

T\u00fcrb\u00fclans\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in d\u00f6kme i\u015flemlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi ve s\u0131\u00e7ramay\u0131 ve so\u011fuk \u00e7ekimleri \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ge\u00e7it h\u0131z\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek \u00fczere yolluk sistemi tasar\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kapsay\u0131c\u0131l\u0131k<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f6k\u00fcm y\u00fczeyinde bu d\u00fczensiz metalik kabuklar\u0131 g\u00f6zlemleyebilirsiniz. Kabuklar sadece birka\u00e7 santimetre kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndad\u0131r, ancak \u00e7\u0131plak g\u00f6zle g\u00f6r\u00fclebilirler. Keskin kenarlar, d\u00fczensiz formlar ve d\u00f6k\u00fcmle g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011flant\u0131 ortak \u00f6zelliklerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kabuklar ve fare kuyruklar\u0131 yak\u0131ndan ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131d\u0131r ve genellikle birlikte g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcrler. Bu i\u015flem genellikle kabuklar\u0131 kald\u0131rarak s\u0131\u00e7an kuyru\u011funu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131r. C\u00fcruf partik\u00fclleri i\u00e7eren erimi\u015f metal kal\u0131p bo\u015fluklar\u0131na enjekte edildi\u011finde ve sertle\u015fti\u011finde c\u00fcruf inkl\u00fczyonu meydana gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Basit bir de\u011fi\u015fiklikle c\u00fcruf olu\u015fumunu \u00f6nleyebilirsiniz. Erimi\u015f metali kal\u0131p bo\u015flu\u011funa koymadan \u00f6nce c\u00fcruf par\u00e7ac\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 temizleyin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00fcruf metali vakum veya inert bir ortamda flaks ile muamele ederek \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz. Buna ek olarak, kar\u0131\u015f\u0131ma kimyasallar ekleyerek c\u00fcrufun \u00fcste \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flayabilir ve b\u00f6ylece d\u00f6kmeden \u00f6nce kolayca tespit edip \u00e7\u0131karabilirsiniz. Alternatif olarak, metali alttan d\u00f6ken \u00f6zel bir kep\u00e7e kullanabilirsiniz. Son olarak, yolluk sistemine bir seramik filtre eklemek faydal\u0131 olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\\"\\"\"\/
Metalurjik Kusurlar (Kaynak: Mashinini, P. M. (2010). 3mm Titanyumun (Ti-6Al-4V) s\u00fcrt\u00fcnme kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rma kayna\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in i\u015flem penceresi).<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Metalurjik D\u00f6k\u00fcm Hatalar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Bu t\u00fcr d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 \u00e7elik d\u00f6k\u00fcm tekniklerinde yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. \u00c7o\u011funlukla iki t\u00fcr metalurjik kusurla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131rs\u0131n\u0131z.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131cak g\u00f6zya\u015flar\u0131<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u00c7atlaklar dallanma \u015feklinde d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f d\u00fczensiz yar\u0131klar olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcr. Baz\u0131 \u00e7atlaklar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fctme olmadan da g\u00f6r\u00fclebildi\u011fini, baz\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ise b\u00fcy\u00fctmeye ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011funu fark edebilirsiniz. D\u00f6k\u00fcm kat\u0131la\u015fman\u0131n sonuna do\u011fru so\u011fuduk\u00e7a \u00e7ekimler meydana gelir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eekillendirilen metal kat\u0131la\u015fma s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ekme gerilmelerine dayanacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc de\u011filse s\u0131cak y\u0131rt\u0131lmalar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kacakt\u0131r. Zay\u0131f kal\u0131p tasar\u0131m\u0131 s\u0131cak y\u0131rt\u0131lmalar\u0131n birincil nedenidir. Kal\u0131b\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kebilirli\u011fi art\u0131racak \u015fekilde modifiye ederek bu sorunlar\u0131 etkili bir \u015fekilde \u00e7\u00f6zebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sert Noktalar<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131cak noktalar, b\u00f6lgenin geri kalan\u0131ndan daha zor olan alanlard\u0131r. Bu durum, \u00e7evreleyen malzemeden daha h\u0131zl\u0131 so\u011fumalar\u0131ndan kaynaklan\u0131r. Sert b\u00f6lgeler i\u015flemeyi engelleyebilir ve tak\u0131m a\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131n artmas\u0131na neden olabilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u0131cak noktalar yetersiz so\u011futman\u0131n do\u011frudan bir sonucudur. S\u0131cak noktalar sizin i\u00e7in bir endi\u015fe kayna\u011f\u0131 ise, iki se\u00e7enek vard\u0131r. \u0130lk ve en \u00f6nemlisi, so\u011futma tekni\u011fini ayarlay\u0131n. \u0130kinci olarak, metalin kimyasal yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmeyi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcn.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Her m\u00fchendislik s\u00fcrecinde, d\u00f6k\u00fcm hatalar\u0131 s\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen bir durumdur. Her yakla\u015f\u0131m\u0131n kusurlara yol a\u00e7an belirli s\u0131n\u0131rlamalar\u0131 vard\u0131r. Uygun tasar\u0131m ve kal\u0131plama ile hatas\u0131z bir d\u00f6k\u00fcm elde edebilirsiniz, ancak kontrol kurallar\u0131 ve insan m\u00fcdahalesi \u00e7o\u011fu hataya neden olur. \u0130\u015f \u00fczerinde do\u011fru yard\u0131mla d\u00f6k\u00fcm kusurlar\u0131n\u0131 azaltabiliriz. Genel olarak, iyi bir...<\/p>","protected":false},"author":13,"featured_media":13810,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-13809","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"yoast_head":"\nCasting Defects | Causes and Prevention - METALPIE<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"casting defects is a common situation in metal casting processes. 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